Clostridial bacteria are always in the environment but once triggered by a stress factor to release toxins, they can lead to disease which often proves fatal. Clostridial...

Having a parlour which is functioning correctly allows milking to be quick, complete and comfortable for both the cow and the milking staff. Poor milking characteristics ...

Coccidiosis infection in young cattle reduces daily liveweight gain, increases the cost of cattle rearing and in severe cases can be fatal. If coccidiosis is present on a...

Well-designed collecting yards save time and reduce stress, whereas poor designs or improper cow handling will compromise cow flow and welfare.

Cows and concrete are a difficult combination. Despite the clear benefits of concrete for managing housed cows, it is not a very comfortable standing surface and can be h...

Compact feeding is a popular concept in Denmark and one that is growing in popularity in the UK. It was developed by Danish professor, Niels Bastian Kristensen. The princ...

Smooth, slippery concrete can reduce cow mobility and oestrus activity and can potentially lead to lameness and injury. Concrete grooving is commonly used to improve cow...

At an average cost of £220 per case and accounting for 11% of cows being culled, mastitis is a significant cost to the dairy industry and a major challenge to farm pr...

Copper deficiency is a common problem where dietary intake is insufficient to meet the cow's metabolic requirement or where mineral antagonists levels are in excess. Wher...

Copper is essential to animal health for a number of metabolic functions including growth, production and fertility. Copper levels in grass and forages are determined by ...